Dietary Services: Kitchen, Walk-in-cooler for storage, Smoke Exhaust and Ventilation System
Mortuary
CSSD (Central Stores and Sterilization Department)
Medical Gases
3. Electromechanical Supporting Services :
Fire Safety and Security Systems
HVAC and Basement Ventilation and Smoke Control,
Lifts and escalators
Signage systems - informative and protective, Exit Signs
Water Heating and Cooling systems, Water Supply System, ROs, Water-Softening
Steam generators,
Substations and Diesel generators as auxiliay power ,UPS and Voltage Stablizers,Isolating Transformers
Water treatment plants,
Effluent treatment plants (ETP)
Sewage Disposal System (STP)
4. Digital Electronic Support Services :
Public Address and Music Systems,
EAPBX and Telephone, Trans-receiving and Paging,
Fire prevention and fire detection systems,
Audio-Visual Display Systems ,
Stage lighting and Sound Reinforcement
Information Technology Systems: Hospital Management Software (HMS), Tele-Medicine,Electronic patient records, Pay Rolls and academic Records, Clinical Connection Suite
Digital Token Display Systems
Communication and LAN/WAN and Information Kiosk
Cable TV and Video -Transmission
Video (Tele-) Conferencing Facilities
Access Control and Biometrics Systems
CCTV based surveillance Controls
IBMS and EMS,SCADA
5. Infrastructural Buildings Supports :
Garages,
Central Stores,
Workshop,
Dharmashala, Hotels
Banking ,
Booking : Airline and Railway
Car Parking
Shopping Centers
Chemist
Furniture
Taxis
ISCPl provides Designing, Estimation and Drafting Services all of above services except the first one. The following provides brief details of the design services offered by us:
Fuel Systems
Proposed fuel, with justification
Estimated monthly and maximum daily fuel consumption
Storage of fuel, when applicable
Primary source of energy
Type of heating, temperatures and pressures
Preliminary load and breakdown of main components
Provision for future expansion
Number and capacity of boilers or heat exchangers
Description of boiler and auxiliaries, control and stand-by
Schematic diagram
Sketch of major operational features and maintenance access
Heating Systems
Primary distribution system
General description
Domestic heating
Internal design criteria
External design criteria, frequency of use
Infiltration rate assumed
Heating media, temperature, pressures
Preliminary heat load, allowance for future expansion
Scheme of circuitry
Types of heat emitters in different areas
Type of control operation
Piping materials, types of pump
Area to be heated for each type of heating (m2)
Means of absorbing thermal expansion of pipes
Feed and expansion provisions
Domestic hot water
Means of heating
Design criteria, storage, maximum demand with time
Preliminary storage and heat-up capacity
Size of generators, allowance for future expansion
Type of piping
Type and capacity of cold feed system
Steam services (other than for heat or hot water)
Locations (e.g., kitchen, laundry, central sterile supply department)
Required pressure
Criteria for load calculations
Preliminary heat load
Allowance for extension
Ventilation and Air-conditioning Systems
Description of systems (central or split type)
Types of fan
Areas served by each system
Typical circuitry schemes
Internal design criteria
External design conditions
Design criteria for assessing air volumes:
supply air temperatures;
ventilation to remove heat, moisture, odours, fume~;
minimum rates of air change per hour;
fresh air and recirculation requirements
Number and capacity of fans and air-handling plants
Sound levels
Control operation and energy conservation
Filter types and efficiencies
Type of cooling and heat rejection system
Type of humidification
Design criteria for cooling equipment:
ambient conditions for cooling towers, etc. (including frequency if
these are exceeded)
chilled water temperature
condenser water temperatures
Preliminary cooling load
Allowance for expansion
Planning and Design 118
Numbers and capacity of cooling and heat rejection plants
Air-conditioned area (m2)
Ratio of design cooling load: air-conditioned area (W/m2)
Piped Medical Gases services
Centralised Supply and Distribution of Oxygen,
Respirable Compressed Air,
Vacuum and Anethesia Gas (Nitrous Oxide),
Scavanging System in O.T's,
Liquid Oxygen Station (or Cylinder Banks),
Comp. Air and Vacuum Stations.
Bed Head Panels and such other Equipments / Accessories.
Gases used (e.g., vacuum, compressed air, oxygen)
General description of system
Allowance for extension
Types and capacities of compressors and vacuum pumps
Proportion of stand -by plant used
The different types of gases in the hospital (say district) are as follows:
Medical Oxygen (O2)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Compressed Air (Oil and moisture free) CA – 7 Kg/cm2
Medical Air (Oil and moisture free) CA – 4 Kg/cm2
Vacuum System (Vac)
Functional Area
The functional areas of the hospital where in, the Medical gas shall be required shall be as follows:
Operation Theatre
O2, N2O, CA, MA, Vac
Cath Labs
O2, CA, Vac
Intensive Care Beds
O2, CA, Vac
Critical Beds
O2, CA, Vac
Recovery Beds (For cath Labs)
O2, CA, Vac
General Beds
O2, CA, Vac
Following Design Parameters are deployed while designing:
Gases used (e.g., vacuum, compressed air, oxygen)
General description of system
Allowance for extension
Types and capacities of compressors and vacuum pumps
Proportion of stand -by plant used
Fire Protection system
Type of system, coverage and classification
Location of control and indicator panels
Manual call points, general locations of alerting devices, type and
sequence of operation
Details of water supply for fire-fighting
Dry/wet riser system
Special service systems
Description and justification of any other service
Instrumentation, alarms, monitors and controls
General description of scope and philosophy
Electrical Supply and Disribution Design and Estimation
The following is a checklist of those electrical components that is
considered in designing a district hospital. Engineering consultants should be
brought in at a very early stage of the designing process. The practice of consultation among User and other stake holders of the project and with the local electricity supply company and with any necessary
government authorities regarding the mode and system of supplying high- and low-tension electricity to the hospital.
Electricity supply
Point of mains supply
Maximum capacity
Supply and incoming voltage
Tariffs and metering
Agreements with supplying authority
Alterations to existing supply
General description
General description of any existing system (mains and essential
services)
Technical data on existing installation (maximum capacity, assessed
connected loads and measured maximum site demand, cable
types, protection methods and discrimination)
General description of new system (with load estimates for both
essential and non-essential supplies)
Local distribution
General description of sub-main and sub-circuit system (routes, board
locations and area of coverage )
Cable types and sub-main load estimates
Installation and wiring methods
Protection methods and discrimination
Earthing
Method adopted for each continuity and electrode system
Sub-stations
Type and accessibility
Transformer and switch-gear ratings and type
Capacity for increased load, provision for expansion
Stand-by plant
Type and ratings
Capacity for increased load
Controls and alarms
Sensory circuits and starting
Fuel type and stored quantity
Provisions for maintenance, including access
Distribution boards
General description
Sub-main or sub-circuit protection
Fault rating
Capacity for increased load
Services supplied (assessed loads and area covered)
Special safety and earthing
Area, location and classifications
Medical procedures carried out and equipment used
Type of protection chosen, with justification
Known major equipment, with assessed loads (e.g., kitchen and laundry
equipment, autoclaves, mechanical services plant, medical
equipment)
Typical location and numbers of plug sockets, including number per
circuit
Connections to essential supply, with load estimate
Hazardous areas and provisions proposed
Interior lighting
Area classifications
Illumination levels
Anti-glare design
Types of fittings (surface, suspended, concealed)
Lamp type and colour
System data: mounting height, hours in use, reflectance
Estimated connected load and load per circuit
Connections to essential services with estimated loads
Exterior Lighting
Areas served and purpose
Type of fitting
Control and wiring method, including routes
Lightning protection
Need
Design criteria
Description of proposed design
Planning and Design 123
Communications
Justification for each type of area
Type of system
Areas served
Wiring method
Other features and safety considerations, like call systems,
intercommunication systems, fire alarm systems and other special installations
may be included as required in the design and computations for the total electric
power requirements.
Emergency Electrical Services
All hospitals should have a reliable alternative source of power, in addition to the normal electrical service, for emergency lighting, for operation of essential equipment, and for the safety of its occupants.
The alternative source should be from:
a generator, when the normal service is supplied from one or more central transmission lines, or
an emergency generating set or a central transmission line, when the normal supply is generated on the premises.
The emergency generating set, including the prime mover, should be located
on the premises, away from the operating department and the ward block. It
should be reserved exclusively for supplying electricity in an emergency. The
recommended circuits to which power should be provided are:
For Lighting:
all exits, including exit signs, stairways and corridors
surgical, obstetrical and emergency room operating lights
nursery, laboratory, recovery room, intensive care unit, nursing station, labour room and pharmacy
generator set location, electrical switch-gear location and boiler room
one or two lifts, if needed for emergency
telephone operator's room
computer room, when available Equipment
nurses' call system
alarm system, including fire alarm
fire pump and pump for central suction system
blood bank refrigerator
sewerage or sump lift pump, if installed
equipment necessary for maintaining telephone service
equipment in operating, recovery, intensive care and delivery rooms
one electrical sterilizer, if installed
For Heating, Cooling and Ventilation System
Operating rooms,
Delivery,
Labour,
Recovery,
Intensive care unit ( ICU and ICCUs)
Nurseries and
Patient rooms
Catscans
MRI and X-Rays
Blood bank
Burns Ward
The capacity of the emergency generating set should be 50-60% of the
normal electrical load of the hospital, to maintain the minimum level of services.
The emergency electrical system should be so controlled that, after
interruption of the normal electric power supply, the generator brings full voltage
and frequency within 10 seconds to all the emergency lighting and equipment
listed above. Lights powered by storage batteries can be provided to augment the
emergency lighting during the period of transfer switching, immediately following
the interruption of normal service; however, these should not be used to substitute
for the generator set.
Nurse Call System
When a patient needs medical attention, nurses could be anywhere on the unit or in the hospital. The Nurse Call system enables instant access to nurses via a one touch dial back using a wireless phone. The on-phone screen tells the nurse who is calling. A configurable escalation system sends calls to alternate staff if a nurse is unavailable.
Patient Monitoring: This comprises multiple patient monitoring systems using wireless phones to receive alerts from patients. The integrated screen on these phones can display text and waveform alerts with information such as cardiac status and vital signs. This allows doctors to maintain a closer watch on patient monitors while performing their duties throughout the facility.
Location-Based Services: Imagine a missing wheelchair or IV pump when you need one, leading to valuable time getting wasted and patients becoming frustrated. Location-based services use RFID technology to keep track of equipment within a facility. The system continually monitors device locations. One can locate anything in moments using the map-based interface on a nearby PC screen.
Collaborative Care: Collaborative care systems use videoconferencing technologies to interconnect teams of experts on demand, leading to better decisions and more effective care. First responders can help emergency room nurses assemble triage teams prior to arrival. Doctors across the campus or the country can review information instantly.
Source: Cisco
Telemedicine
Tele-consultation and remote-patient-monitoring is taking a big leap in India to integrate the fragmented healthcare industry. The technology of treating patients while the patient and doctor are geographically distant is best suited for the Indian healthcare scenario, where cost and accessibility of quality care for a section of society is still a big question.
Dr Singh explains, “In a number of medical cases, for instance in case of an epileptic patient, where direct contact with the specialist is not required, telemedicine can ensure the treatment of the patient in a remote location with a regular doctor as a mediator between the patient and the specialist. With more than 60 to 70 percent of India’s population residing in rural villages and 90 percent of specialists and super specialists residing in urban areas, telemedicine can revolutionise the way we treat patients in remote areas.”
Telemedicine is now an integral part of healthcare services in many countries. Once the virtual presence of a specialist is acknowledged, a patient can access resources in a tertiary referral centre without the constraint of distance. Ambulance drivers using a GPS in a palmtop can quickly reach an accident site. Automated voice message (AVM) systems could be used as an adjunct to primary care for diabetic patients. An AVM monitoring protocol can inquire about a patient’s glucose, diet and medication. Patients have the option to listen to health promotion messages. Hand-held Simputers are being used by midwives and public health nurses in pilot projects in India.
With technology’s position changing from being a support crutch to a business driver, healthcare has a lot to gain. If all organisations in this field realise this fact, India will soon be among the best in terms of healthcare services.
Hospitals have hundreds of visitors. They come to see friends and family, while ambulances bring in those who are ill or need emergency care. With all of these people coming and going, hospitals need to insure the safety of patients and staff. CCTV systems integrate with your access control system to monitor the people coming and going from hospitals, as well as those people accessing certain secure areas.
Additionally, CCTV systems are able to provide safety to visitors in hospital parking lots and parking garages.
It is imperative that people in hospitals have a reason to be there. Likewise, only authorized individuals should enter certain wards, laboratories, or pharmacies. CCTV and access control systems allow hospital security personnel to monitor individuals in these sensitive areas.
A variety of criminal activities have taken place in hospitals. For instance, infant abduction is not uncommon. The visitor often accesses the hospital through the controlled areas, but escape by utilizing an unauthorized area. CCTV and access control systems are able to allow security to monitor any visitor in these unauthorized parts.
